Teams typically go through five distinct stages as they develop, a concept popularized by Bruce Tuckman's model, which includes forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. This staged approach reflects the complexities of team dynamics and the evolution of team relationships over time.
During the forming stage, team members get to know each other and establish initial ground rules. The storming phase often involves conflict as members express differing opinions and struggle for authority and roles. In the norming stage, the team begins to resolve these conflicts, establish cohesion, and develop stronger relationships. The performing stage is characterized by a fully functional team effectively working towards their goals with high collaboration. Finally, in the adjourning phase, the team disbands after achieving its objectives.
This model highlights that team development is not linear or straightforward; rather, it is a dynamic process that includes learning to work together and handling conflicts, which is essential for achieving high performance. Understanding these stages allows leaders and team members to recognize where their team is in development, enabling them to provide appropriate support and interventions.